TRT and Men's Health· 23 min read
Testosterone, Mood Swings, and Anger: Low T vs High T
The question comes up in clinic more than almost any other: does testosterone make you angry? The short answer is that testosterone within normal physiologic ranges does not reliably cause anger in most men. The longer answer, the one that actually matters for treatment decisions, involves a more complicated story about low T, high T, TRT, estradiol, and what the research genuinely supports.
What follows is a psychiatrist’s walk-through of the evidence. Not a supplement pitch, not a clinic marketing piece, not a forum thread. The specific mechanisms, the dose-response data, the clinical scenarios where testosterone and anger actually intersect, and what to do when irritability shows up alongside hormonal changes.
Why the Testosterone-Anger Question Is Confused
Three separate things get blurred together when people ask whether testosterone causes anger. First, there’s physiologic testosterone, the hormone your body produces at normal levels. Second, there’s TRT, which aims to restore physiologic levels in men who are deficient. Third, there’s anabolic steroid abuse, which pushes testosterone and related compounds far beyond anything the body makes on its own.
For how testosterone is evaluated and treated, see my guide to testosterone therapy for North Carolina men.
These three scenarios have entirely different effects on mood, aggression, and irritability. Most of the anger stories that shape public perception come from the third category. Most of the actual patients asking the question are in the first or second. Conflating them is the source of most confusion in public discussions of testosterone and behavior.
Irritability is even harder to place when a man is also on an antidepressant. I walk through which drug to check first in my guide to testosterone and antidepressants together.
Low testosterone can be part of why mood stays low. The complete workup is in our guide to depression treatment in North Carolina.
The dose ranges illustrate why this matters. Therapeutic TRT typically uses 100 to 200 milligrams of testosterone cypionate per week, calibrated to restore total testosterone to mid-normal physiologic range. Research studies on supraphysiologic effects, such as the influential Pope and colleagues 2000 trial, used doses up to 600 milligrams per week, three to six times higher than standard TRT dosing. Anabolic steroid abuse for muscle building or athletic performance routinely involves 500 to 1,500 milligrams per week or more, often combined with other anabolic compounds. Generalizing findings from one of these contexts to the others produces wrong conclusions.
What the Research Actually Shows
The most cited study on testosterone and aggression is Pope, Kouri, and Hudson’s randomized controlled trial, published in Archives of General Psychiatry in 2000. Researchers administered testosterone cypionate at doses rising to 600 milligrams per week to 56 healthy men, far above therapeutic TRT dosing. Even at these supraphysiologic doses, the effects on mood and aggression were modest on average and highly variable between individuals. Of the participants who received the high dose, the majority showed minimal psychiatric effects, a small subset became mildly hypomanic, and a smaller subset developed marked hypomanic symptoms with increased aggression on standardized testing. The drug response was not predictable from baseline measures.
An earlier laboratory study by Kouri and colleagues in 1995 found that gradually increasing doses of testosterone cypionate (150, 300, then 600 milligrams per week) produced a measurable increase in aggressive responding on a behavioral task in eight male volunteers. The effect was real but emerged at doses well above therapeutic range and varied significantly between subjects.
On the low testosterone side, the evidence points in the opposite direction. Men with clinical hypogonadism frequently report irritability, low frustration tolerance, and depressed mood as part of their symptom cluster. The Walther 2019 meta-analysis published in JAMA Psychiatry pooled 27 randomized controlled trials and found that testosterone treatment was associated with a statistically significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared to placebo, with a Hedges g effect size of 0.21. Irritability and anger often improve alongside mood in these trials, though they are usually measured as secondary outcomes rather than primary endpoints.
An accompanying editorial by Bhasin and Seidman in the same JAMA Psychiatry issue cautioned that the evidence base, while statistically significant, includes considerable heterogeneity and that more high-quality trials are needed before testosterone can be confidently positioned as a treatment for depression. The honest synthesis is that low testosterone contributes to mood symptoms in some men, that treatment helps some of those men, and that the effect size is real but modest.
Low Testosterone and Anger
Low testosterone is clinically associated with irritability. The mechanism is not fully understood, but testosterone plays a role in the regulation of serotonin, dopamine, and GABA pathways that influence mood stability. When testosterone drops significantly below normal ranges, men often describe feeling on edge, short-tempered, and prone to frustration over minor things.
This symptom cluster has been called “irritable male syndrome” in the older literature, though the term isn’t a formal DSM diagnosis. The concept describes a specific presentation: a man, often middle-aged, who becomes uncharacteristically irritable, withdrawn, and emotionally reactive in ways that don’t match his typical personality. Partners often notice the change before the man does. The clinical overlap with major depressive disorder is substantial, since irritability is a core feature of depression in men and is increasingly recognized as the way male depression often presents.
The clinical question isn’t whether low testosterone can contribute to anger issues. It can. The question is whether testosterone is the primary driver in a given patient, or whether it’s a comorbid factor alongside depression, sleep deprivation, chronic stress, relationship conflict, or substance use. That distinction determines whether testosterone replacement therapy will help.
Signs of Low Testosterone Irritability
The presentation tends to follow a recognizable pattern. Persistent low-grade irritability that doesn’t have a clear external cause. Disproportionate frustration over minor problems at home or work. Loss of patience with family members, particularly children. Withdrawal from social activities that previously felt rewarding. A sense of being “flat” emotionally, with anger as one of the few emotions that breaks through. Reduced libido, fatigue, poor sleep quality, and loss of morning erections frequently accompany the mood changes.
What distinguishes low testosterone irritability from primary depression is often the temporal pattern and the somatic features. Men with low T tend to describe the irritability as something that crept in over months or years, usually alongside the physical symptoms. Men with primary depression more often describe a discrete episode with prominent sadness or hopelessness as the dominant feature. The two conditions overlap and frequently coexist, which is why proper evaluation looks at both.
The Irritable Male Syndrome Concept
The phrase “irritable male syndrome” was popularized by veterinary research showing that male animals with seasonal testosterone declines became uncharacteristically aggressive and withdrawn. The concept was extended to human males by clinicians describing a similar pattern in middle-aged men with declining testosterone. While not a formal medical diagnosis, the syndrome label captures something clinically real that patients and partners recognize.
The features most commonly described include irritability without clear cause, hypersensitivity to criticism, social withdrawal, loss of confidence, and anger episodes that the man himself finds confusing or out of character. When these features cluster with classic low T symptoms (fatigue, low libido, erectile changes, loss of morning erections, reduced exercise tolerance), the testosterone connection becomes more clinically plausible. When they appear in isolation without somatic features, other explanations become more likely.
Wondering if Low T Is Driving Your Mood
A board-certified psychiatrist can evaluate both the hormonal and psychiatric pieces in one visit.
Baghel Psychiatry, PLLC | Shantanu Baghel, DO | (910) 612-6015 | sbaghel@thebh.us
High Testosterone and Anger
Here’s where things get more interesting and more misunderstood. Naturally occurring high testosterone, within the physiologic reference range, has not been reliably linked to anger or aggression in controlled studies. Men at the high end of normal are not systematically angrier than men in the middle of normal. The stereotype of the hot-headed high-T male is a cultural story, not a research finding.
What the research does show is that supraphysiologic testosterone, levels well above what the body produces naturally, can increase the reactivity to social provocation in some men. Translated out of research language, this means that when pushed or challenged, men on very high doses of testosterone may respond more intensely than they otherwise would. This is different from becoming randomly angry. It’s more like having a shorter fuse in specific triggering situations.
The men most likely to experience anger problems from high testosterone are those using anabolic androgenic steroids recreationally or for performance enhancement. Dosages in those contexts routinely reach 500 to 1,500 milligrams per week or higher, sometimes stacked with other compounds like nandrolone, trenbolone, or oral anabolics. That is not TRT. That is a different category of exposure entirely, and it comes with a different psychiatric risk profile.
Does High Testosterone Cause Mood Swings
The mood swing question is slightly different from the anger question. Mood swings imply rapid fluctuation between states, often described by partners as unpredictable shifts from calm to irritable to withdrawn over hours or days. In men on TRT, mood swings of this kind usually trace to one of three causes: large peak-trough fluctuations in serum testosterone between doses, estradiol imbalance from aromatization, or an underlying psychiatric condition that the testosterone has unmasked rather than caused.
Naturally high testosterone within normal physiologic range does not reliably produce mood swings. When mood swings are present in a man with high-normal testosterone, the more likely explanations are sleep disruption, alcohol use, untreated anxiety or depression, bipolar spectrum features, or relationship and life stress. Looking at the testosterone first and ignoring the rest produces incomplete answers.
High Testosterone Irritability vs. Reactive Anger
The distinction between trait irritability and reactive anger is important for thinking about high testosterone effects. Trait irritability means being persistently on edge regardless of circumstances. Reactive anger means responding intensely to specific provocations. Research on testosterone effects more consistently supports an influence on reactive anger than on trait irritability. A man on supraphysiologic testosterone may not feel persistently irritated, but when challenged or provoked, his response intensity may exceed what it would have been at lower hormone levels. This pattern is often more visible to others than to the person experiencing it.
Does TRT Make You Angry
Properly managed testosterone replacement therapy does not typically cause anger. When patients report anger or irritability on TRT, the cause is usually one of a short list of correctable issues. Working through this list systematically resolves most cases without abandoning treatment.
Cause One: Dose Too High
If a TRT protocol pushes testosterone levels well above physiologic range, the behavioral effects start resembling what the supraphysiologic studies describe. Some clinics target testosterone levels in the 1,000 to 1,500 ng/dL range or higher under the theory that “higher is better.” This is not standard of care. Standard practice targets mid-normal to high-normal physiologic range, typically 600 to 900 ng/dL trough, depending on patient response and laboratory reference range. The fix when irritability emerges from over-dosing is dose reduction with repeat labs in 6 to 8 weeks.
Cause Two: Estradiol Imbalance
Testosterone aromatizes into estradiol via the aromatase enzyme. When estradiol rises too quickly or gets suppressed too aggressively with aromatase inhibitors, mood can destabilize. Men with high estradiol on TRT often describe feeling weepy, emotional, and easily frustrated. Men with crashed estradiol from over-aggressive aromatase inhibitor use often describe feeling irritable, anxious, and joyless. Both extremes are correctable with appropriate dose adjustment and monitoring. The optimal estradiol range for men on TRT is debated in the literature, but most clinicians target a middle range that avoids both extremes rather than chasing a specific number.
Cause Three: Peak-Trough Swings
Weekly intramuscular testosterone cypionate produces a serum testosterone peak roughly 24 to 48 hours after injection and a trough at the end of the dosing interval. For men sensitive to these swings, the mood experience can mirror the hormone curve: energetic and slightly elevated for a few days after injection, then progressively flatter and more irritable as trough approaches. Splitting the weekly dose into twice-weekly or smaller more frequent injections smooths the curve and often resolves these mood fluctuations.
Cause Four: Unmasked Psychiatric Comorbidity
TRT can increase energy and drive before it fully stabilizes mood regulation. In men with underlying bipolar spectrum disorders, ADHD, or impulse control issues, the early weeks of TRT can amplify those features. A man with previously well-compensated cyclothymic features may experience his first hypomanic episode after starting TRT. A man with untreated adult ADHD may notice that his emotional dysregulation worsens before TRT’s mood benefits kick in. This is where psychiatric screening before starting TRT matters. Catching these conditions in advance allows the clinician to address both the hormonal and psychiatric pieces in parallel rather than discovering the comorbidity through a TRT-related crisis.
Cause Five: Pre-Existing Anger Issues
TRT doesn’t manufacture anger from nothing. In men who already had anger management difficulties before treatment, TRT can sometimes feel like a magnifier rather than a cause. The man who was already short-tempered may notice his fuse getting shorter. The man who already had relationship conflict may notice the conflict getting worse. Working with a clinician who can address both the hormonal and the behavioral piece is the cleaner path. TRT is not a substitute for therapy or psychiatric treatment when those are needed.
TRT vs. Roid Rage
“Roid rage” is a term that emerged from anabolic steroid abuse research, not therapeutic testosterone replacement. The phenomenon is real in that population. Controlled trials and case reports document that supraphysiologic testosterone doses, particularly when combined with other anabolic compounds, can produce manic-like episodes, aggression, and impulsive violence in susceptible individuals. The literature on anabolic steroid users includes well-documented cases of uncharacteristic violent behavior, including assault and domestic violence, occurring in users who had no history of such behavior before steroid use.
The dose-response relationship is key. Pope and colleagues demonstrated that at 600 milligrams per week, a subset of men showed hypomanic symptoms and increased aggression on standardized measures. At typical TRT doses of 100 to 200 milligrams per week, this effect is not consistently seen in controlled research. The further you move from physiologic dosing toward performance-enhancement dosing, the more the risk profile shifts.
This is also why TRT prescribed and monitored by a physician looks fundamentally different from gray-market testosterone obtained without medical oversight. Unmonitored protocols often drift toward higher doses, combine compounds in ways that amplify risk, and lack the lab work that catches problems early. The label on the vial may say testosterone, but the clinical situation, the dosing, and the monitoring are entirely different.
Why TRT Patients Are Not Roid Ragers
The conflation of TRT with anabolic steroid abuse is a major source of unnecessary fear among men considering testosterone replacement. The clinical picture differs in nearly every dimension. TRT patients are typically middle-aged or older men with documented hypogonadism, treated to restore physiologic levels, monitored with regular labs, and managed by a physician. Anabolic steroid users are typically younger men using supraphysiologic doses for muscle gain or athletic performance, often without medical supervision, frequently stacking multiple compounds, and aiming for hormone levels several times physiologic range. The behavioral effects documented in steroid users do not generalize to TRT patients, and the research bears this out.
TRT Monitoring That Includes the Mood Piece
Psychiatric oversight of TRT catches the issues that labs alone miss.
Baghel Psychiatry, PLLC | Shantanu Baghel, DO | (910) 612-6015 | sbaghel@thebh.us
Does Anger Increase Testosterone
The relationship between testosterone and anger runs in both directions. Testosterone can influence mood, and mood states can influence testosterone. Several experimental studies have shown that acute social challenges, competitive situations, and anger episodes produce transient increases in salivary and serum testosterone. These increases are short-lived, returning to baseline within hours.
The mechanism appears to involve the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis responding to threat or status challenge. In evolutionary terms, this makes sense. Acute confrontation briefly primes the system for assertiveness and physical response, then returns to rest. Athletes show this pattern around competition. Men in dominance contests show it. Men in arguments show it.
The chronic picture is different. Sustained anger, hostility, and chronic stress patterns elevate cortisol, and chronic cortisol elevation tends to suppress testosterone production over time. So while an acute angry moment may briefly raise testosterone, a persistent pattern of anger and stress is more likely to lower it. This is one reason men with chronic anger issues, ongoing relationship conflict, or unresolved trauma often show suppressed testosterone on labs even in the absence of any other endocrine pathology.
Can Excessive Anger Cause Low Testosterone
Yes, indirectly. Chronic anger is a stress state, and chronic stress activates the HPA axis, elevates cortisol, and suppresses gonadal function over time. This isn’t a direct cause-and-effect where every angry man will have low testosterone, but it is a real biological pathway. The clinical implication is that addressing the chronic stress and anger patterns, not just the testosterone, is sometimes the more effective intervention. Treating the testosterone without addressing the underlying chronic stress can produce only partial improvement.
When Anger Is Not About Testosterone
A significant fraction of men who come in worried about testosterone-driven anger don’t have a testosterone problem. They have another clinical issue that presents with irritability, and testosterone is a convenient explanation that feels more acceptable than the alternatives. Working through the differential is part of doing this evaluation properly.
Depression in men often presents as anger and irritability rather than sadness. This is well-documented in the psychiatric literature and is a major reason depression is underdiagnosed in male patients. The man who describes feeling “just angry all the time” may be describing a depressive episode without using the word depression. Cultural expectations about masculinity make this presentation more common in men than the textbook depressive presentation.
Untreated ADHD in adults frequently includes low frustration tolerance and emotional dysregulation. Patients describe going from zero to sixty emotionally, reacting intensely to minor irritants, and struggling to come back down. This cluster can look like testosterone-related anger but responds to ADHD treatment rather than TRT. Adult ADHD is also frequently undiagnosed in men who developed coping strategies that worked until middle-age stress overwhelmed them.
Sleep deprivation, particularly chronic sleep restriction or untreated sleep apnea, produces irritability indistinguishable from a mood disorder. Sleep apnea is also a common cause of genuinely low testosterone, which adds another layer to the evaluation. Men with sleep apnea often have both low testosterone and mood symptoms, and treating only the testosterone misses the larger problem.
Chronic alcohol use, stimulant use, and certain prescription medications all produce irritability that men sometimes attribute to testosterone. Alcohol is particularly important because it both lowers testosterone over time and produces irritability acutely and during withdrawal. Patients who drink heavily and have low testosterone often experience the largest mood improvements not from TRT but from sustained sobriety.
Relationship stress, financial stress, and unresolved grief all produce sustained anger that gets attributed to hormones because the alternative explanations feel harder to address. A proper evaluation makes space for these possibilities rather than reducing the picture to a single lab value.
The Psychiatric Evaluation Piece
This is where a psychiatrist’s perspective on TRT differs from a TRT clinic’s perspective. A TRT clinic is set up to treat low testosterone. A psychiatrist evaluating a patient with anger concerns is looking at the whole clinical picture: mood disorders, ADHD, sleep, substance use, personality structure, relationship factors, and yes, hormones too.
When a patient presents with anger issues and suspected low T, the evaluation needs to answer several questions at once. Is the testosterone actually low on labs, or normal? Are there psychiatric symptoms beyond the anger that suggest depression, bipolar spectrum, or ADHD? Is the patient getting adequate sleep? Is substance use contributing? Would TRT help, make things worse, or be irrelevant to the actual driver?
Treating anger with testosterone in a patient whose actual problem is untreated depression will not work, and may make things worse. Treating depression with an SSRI in a patient whose actual problem is profound hypogonadism will also not work as well as addressing both. The integrated approach catches what single-condition clinics miss. For men in Wilmington and across North Carolina, this is the model Baghel Psychiatry is built around, with TRT in Wilmington delivered through telehealth alongside full psychiatric care.
What an Integrated Evaluation Includes
A thorough psychiatric evaluation for testosterone-related anger or irritability looks at mood symptoms across the lifespan, not just current presentation. Sleep history including any signs of sleep apnea. Substance use history including alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, and prescription medications. Family psychiatric history. Current medications and any recent changes. Relationship and occupational stressors. Trauma history, since unresolved trauma is a common driver of irritability that gets attributed to hormones. And of course, the standard low T workup including total and free testosterone (morning draw, ideally repeated), estradiol, LH, FSH, and other labs as indicated.
The result is a treatment plan that addresses the actual drivers, which may include TRT, may include psychiatric medication, may include therapy, may include sleep apnea workup, and may include none of the above if the answer turns out to be sustained sobriety or marriage counseling. The point is that the evaluation determines the treatment, not the other way around.
A proper workup matters more now that the FDA is moving toward an expanded TRT indication for men with idiopathic hypogonadism, which means more men will be candidates and more accurate diagnosis is essential.
Frequently Asked Questions: Testosterone and Anger
Does testosterone make you angry?
Testosterone within normal physiologic ranges does not reliably cause anger in most men. The relationship is dose-dependent and highly variable between individuals. Supraphysiologic testosterone levels, such as those seen with anabolic steroid abuse, can increase irritability and reactivity in some men. Therapeutic TRT doses rarely produce this effect when properly managed.
Does high testosterone cause anger?
Naturally high testosterone within the normal reference range is not consistently associated with anger. The association strengthens only at supraphysiologic levels well beyond what the body produces naturally. Individual variability is significant, and pre-existing personality traits, stress, and psychiatric comorbidities predict anger episodes more reliably than testosterone levels alone.
Does high testosterone make you angry or aggressive?
The evidence supports an effect on reactive anger (response to provocation) more than on baseline trait anger. Even at supraphysiologic doses, only a subset of men show meaningful behavioral changes, and individual response is unpredictable. Most men with high-normal testosterone do not become aggressive or angry as a result.
Can low testosterone cause anger or irritability?
Yes. Low testosterone is clinically associated with irritability, low frustration tolerance, and depressed mood. In hypogonadal men, TRT has been shown to improve mood and reduce irritability in multiple controlled studies. The symptom cluster overlaps significantly with clinical depression, which is part of why psychiatric evaluation before TRT matters.
Does low testosterone cause mood swings?
Low testosterone is more often associated with sustained low mood and irritability than with rapid mood swings. When mood swings are present, the picture often involves additional factors: sleep disruption, alcohol use, untreated psychiatric conditions, or relationship stress. Evaluating those alongside the testosterone produces a more complete picture than focusing on hormones alone.
Does TRT make you angry?
Properly managed TRT does not typically cause anger. When anger does occur on TRT, the usual causes are dose too high, estradiol imbalance, large peak-trough swings, unmasked psychiatric comorbidity, or pre-existing anger issues being amplified. Each of these is correctable with appropriate clinical management.
Does TRT cause roid rage?
“Roid rage” is associated with supraphysiologic anabolic steroid abuse, not therapeutic TRT. Doses used in anabolic steroid protocols often reach 6 to 10 times standard TRT doses and frequently combine multiple compounds. At properly monitored TRT doses, rage reactions are uncommon and usually indicate an underlying psychiatric issue, estradiol imbalance, or dosing error rather than a direct testosterone effect.
Does anger increase testosterone?
Acute anger and competitive stress produce transient increases in testosterone lasting hours. Chronic anger and sustained hostility tend to have the opposite effect, elevating cortisol and suppressing testosterone production over time. Brief anger may temporarily raise testosterone; persistent anger patterns likely lower it.
Can excessive anger cause low testosterone?
Yes, indirectly. Chronic anger functions as a sustained stress state, which activates the HPA axis, elevates cortisol, and can suppress gonadal function over time. Men with persistent anger and chronic stress patterns sometimes show suppressed testosterone on labs without other endocrine pathology. Addressing the underlying stress is sometimes a more effective intervention than testosterone replacement alone.
Does testosterone make you moody?
Testosterone influences mood regulation but does not consistently cause moodiness in healthy men. When moodiness is reported on TRT, the usual culprits are estradiol fluctuations, peak-trough variations from injection schedules, or unmasked psychiatric comorbidities. Naturally occurring high testosterone is not reliably linked to moodiness.
Is irritable male syndrome real?
“Irritable male syndrome” is not a formal DSM-5 diagnosis, but the symptom cluster it describes, irritability and low mood associated with low testosterone, is clinically well-recognized. It overlaps substantially with depression in men. Whether to call it a syndrome, a variant of depression, or a consequence of hypogonadism is partly a semantic question. What matters clinically is whether testosterone, depression, or both are driving the presentation.
Should I get my testosterone checked if I have anger issues?
If the anger is persistent, out of character, or accompanied by fatigue, low libido, depressed mood, or poor sleep, a testosterone level is worth checking as part of a broader workup. Testosterone should not be the only thing evaluated. A proper assessment includes mood, sleep, substance use, and other medical factors that can produce similar symptoms.
Can a psychiatrist prescribe testosterone?
Yes. Psychiatrists are licensed physicians and can prescribe testosterone for men with documented hypogonadism. The advantage of a psychiatrist prescribing TRT, particularly for men whose primary concerns include mood, irritability, or sleep, is that the same clinician can evaluate and treat both the hormonal and psychiatric pieces in one visit. This avoids the coordination problems of splitting care between a TRT clinic and a separate mental health provider.
What if I’m already on TRT but still experiencing irritability?
This is a common situation and almost always solvable. The first step is reviewing recent labs, particularly testosterone trough, estradiol, and any other relevant markers. The second is reviewing the dosing protocol, including injection frequency. The third is evaluating for unaddressed psychiatric or sleep issues. Most cases of persistent irritability on TRT are not the testosterone itself but one of the correctable factors discussed above.
The Bottom Line
Testosterone and anger have a relationship, but it’s not the simple one the cultural story implies. Low testosterone can contribute to irritability. Very high testosterone, as in anabolic steroid abuse, can drive aggression in some men. Therapeutic TRT, when properly managed, rarely does either. The patients who benefit most from thinking carefully about this question are the ones who get a full evaluation rather than a hormone panel alone.
If you’re concerned about anger or irritability and wondering whether testosterone is involved, the answer often is and isn’t simultaneously. Testosterone may be part of the picture without being the whole picture. The goal of evaluation is to identify all the contributing factors, prioritize them, and treat the ones that will actually change how you feel.
Get a Second Opinion on Your TRT Protocol
I’m a board-certified psychiatrist who manages testosterone and mood together, and transfers are usually simple: bring your labs and your current dose. Free 15-minute consultation, by video anywhere in North Carolina.
Baghel Psychiatry, PLLC | Shantanu Baghel, DO | (910) 612-6015 | sbaghel@thebh.us
References
1. Pope HG Jr, Kouri EM, Hudson JI. Effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(2):133-140. PMID: 10665615.
2. Walther A, Breidenstein J, Miller R. Association of testosterone treatment with alleviation of depressive symptoms in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(1):31-40. PMID: 30427999.
3. Bhasin S, Seidman S. Testosterone treatment of depressive disorders in men: too much smoke, not enough high-quality evidence. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(1):9-10. PMID: 30428087.
4. Kouri EM, Lukas SE, Pope HG Jr, Oliva PS. Increased aggressive responding in male volunteers following the administration of gradually increasing doses of testosterone cypionate. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995;40(1):73-79. PMID: 8746927.